Browsing: G32

 Pages: 45-57Introduction. This paper examines the importance of risk management within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and investigates the specific…

Introduction. New business models no longer rely on expectations of increased consumption, but rewarding the saving of resources and penalizing the waste of them. Businesses based on stable cash-flows rather than speculative businesses are the ones that survive in times of crisis. The current economic environment is characterized by several features, namely: consumers are more careful with spending and seek substitutes for expensive products; economic downturn trend creates the need for new products and services such as adult education or corporate data security; consumers are looking for and choose products that provide the best value for the money spent on them.

Aim of the study. Economic and financial failure of many Romanian companies has been highlighted in recent years by the evolution of their insolvency, as emphasized the research leads by Coface Romania: the coverage of deteriorating equity was made by attracting additional debt; attracting capital was made especially over short terms with the suppliers credit; more than half of long-term investments were unprofitable; constant increase of the average day’s sales in receivables showed an inadequate policy of commercial risk. In this context, it is important to reveal how leadership styles applied in Romanian companies has led to the development and worsening of their financial problems. The main issues relate to selective rotation pay providers according to the volume of transactions, business relations history, future interests or, simply, bargaining power and importance of each supplier.
Keywords: leadership styles, leader’s personality, aims of the leader, relations with followers, leader’s behaviour, organizational culture
JEL Classification: G30, G32, G35

Introduction. Risk is one of the biggest and most fascinating challenges of all times for humanity, because of its presence in all fields. Risk management as a component of modern management, has become a main concern for the modern world and one of the “key mechanisms” of economic development, a complex process that includes a series of activities meant to alleviate the impact of risk over business and planed or foreseen results.

Aim of the study. This paper wants to bring to attention the importance of risks and their management in today’s economic crisis. The sector presented is the IT& C, especially software, because Romania had a growth in this area for a few years but beginning the crisis this segment in economy had known a serious decrease. This paper tries to connect risk management and risk psychology to Romanian economy, culture and mentality. The paper presents in short some of risk management characteristics, definitions and few opinions; why in Romania this subject is not treated with the appropriate attention. The paper at hand focuses on the psychology of risk and how it affects the life of individuals and the existence of companies, the importance it should have on day to day basis, especially in Romania.
Keywords: risk management, risk psychology, IT industry, SME’s (small and medium enterprises), emerging market, and global crisis.
JEL Classification: M16, M21, G32

Introduction. Today the financial market system, as a whole, and the financial market, in particular, are both facing numerous challenges. The elements addressed in our research come to present in a broad and accurate manner these challenges, in an attempt to forecast the financial market’s next steps and figures, and to make light on the nearest provocations that the social, political and economic environment are all bringing.

Aim of the study. In the first part of this research paper, elements such as monetary, fiscal, financial, business, investment, labour, economic, property and political freedom features are being presented, starting from the complex definitions of these concepts, continuing with an in-depth analysis of these concepts and their roles and importance in today’s society structure. In this regard, numerous valuable examples of successful economic and political structures are being presented, in order to emphasize the nations’ potential in terms of monetary, fiscal, financial, business, investment, labour, economic, property and political freedom. In the second part of this scientific work, the role and the importance given to the financial markets nowadays is being presented, starting from the definitions of the financial markets, continuing with the challenges that these types of markets are facing today, given the monetary challenges, the fragility of the economic systems world-wide, the insecurities brought by the continuously changing public policies, the financial “game” that is “played” between the banks and the capital markets, as well as the investments’ role at the level of the economy. In the third part of this paper, Romania’s situation is being addressed taking into consideration the latest data and analysis provided by the National Bank of Romania (September 2016) based on the discoveries and the general conclusions of the document named “Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (D.S.G.E.) model estimated for Romania”.
Keywords: financial markets, capital markets, monetary freedom, fiscal freedom, financial freedom, business freedom, investment freedom, labour freedom, economic freedom, property freedom, political freedom, economic and political features, money, banks, investments, Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (D.S.G.E.) Model, National Bank of Romania (N.B.R.), Romania’s situation
JEL Classification: D53, E00, E44, E50, E58, F21, F38, F43, G00, G01, G10, G17, G18, G32

Introduction. The analysis of corporate governance within institutions is a top subject right now. This concept currently de-fines a central and dynamic aspect in terms of economic reality, being increasingly present in many countries of the world. In the context of a modern economy, where all companies are facing changes due to the famous effects of the fourth industrial revolution and the crises caused by the Covid 19 pandemic, those who need to survive must be able to adapt immediately and operate at the highest level of efficiency. The ability to adapt to these challenges of the national and international markets depends on both managerial and leadership capabilities, as well as the general structure and characteristics. Achieving maximum overall performance of companies is the microeconomic goal of the “new economy”. The entire activity of financial institutions is built around the correct assessment and management of risk. Thus, risk management, ownership structure, motivation and remu-neration of the general manager were the central elements found in research papers on “corporate governance of banks”. The results of the literature study on risk management suggest a continuous increase in the relevance of this topic.

Aim of the study. The aim of the paper is to present the topic of corporate governance within the banking institutions. One of the limitations of this study is the lack of analysis in the current context triggered by the COVID-19 pan-demic. This pandemic is already having effects in terms of corporate governance, but also risk management as a whole. From the way banks approach and reanalyze customer relations, we see that the effects of the pandemic are already here.
Keywords: corporate governance, banking, leadership, economic efficiency
JEL Classification: G20, G30, G32, G34

Introduction. As a result of the economic and financial relapses following the international financial crisis started in 2007, the examination of the way in which the bank lending of the non-financial companies at regional level in Romania evolved is relevant on the one hand, by presenting the transformations suffered by the credit conditions, and, on the other hand through its implications on the level of regional development, the absorption of structural and cohesion funds offered by the European Union, access to financing, as and the use of new financing methods.

Aim of the study. The approach by which this research is carried out is based on a qualitative method, and considers the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data from 2015 and 2019 included in the surveys and statistical studies carried out by the specialists of the National Bank of Romania and other Romanian institutions. The results of research underline a sustained correlation between the evolution of bank lending and the other aspects mentioned above, highlighting the importance of access to bank financing at territorial level in order to increase the level of regional development in Romania.
Keywords: bank lending, credit conditions, regional development, European funds absorption
JEL Classification: G21, G32