Browsing: J21

Introduction. Improving education has been and continues to be a necessary condition in any society. Education contributes to increase the level of civilization, to develop the individual personality, but also to increase the level of the economic development. Organization and subsequent reorganization of the Romanian education system has been pursuing desiring to adapt better it better to the labor market needs and to adapt it to the international education system.

Aim of the study. The management strategies which are applied in this area should be considered adapting it to the domestic and international labor market conditions to the new education methods and techniques, used at the international level. The new trends desiring to transform the economy into a green economy require increased investments in education, in order to train the specialists in new green areas.
Keywords: education, management of education, economic development, labor market, green economy.
JEL Classification: A20, B25, F69, G23, I21, I22, I23, I25, J21, J24, O34, O43.

Introduction. Nowadays, the informal economy can no longer be seen as a temporary, atypical and a marginal phenomenon, and besides, it has more than a fixed character in countries where incomes and assets are not distributed correctly. The informal economy will not experience a decline, if the economic development is not followed by an improvement at the level of employment and if income will remain at the same level. Informal economy cannot be measured accurately. Besides, without the certainty of success, trying to measure it would entail huge costs of information and creation of specific data bases. However, the opinion that the highest relevance cannot be given by the size, but by the dynamics of the informal economy, by its structure and the behavioral archetypes of the economic actors involved, it is widely accepted (the individual offering the job, the firm, the government).

Aim of the study. This paper tries to accurately present all the dangers and the consequences of an informal economy
Keywords: informal economy, economic actors, tax evasion, ghost companies, underground economy, black work market, clandestine labour.
JEL Classification: A1, B4, D00, E2, E26, H26, J21.

Introduction. The level and quality of employment are important parameters for the current society, as the labour force is the main driver for developing any modern economy. In the Strategy “Europe 2020”, the European Union set as goal for the time-horizon 2020 to achieve an employment level of 75% for the European population with ages between 20-64 years. Romania has as objective in the field of employment to achieve a level of 70% by 2020 for the same population segment. Even though Romania is faced currently with the severe issues of unemployment (the unemployment rate for the year 2016 at national level was of 5.9% as compared with the European average of 8.6% according to Eurostat), the activity rate and the employment rate of the working-age population recorded by our country continues to be among the lowest in Europe and at almost 4 percentage points difference against the national goal established for attaining the goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy.

Aim of the study. The paper intends a systematic but not comprehensive approach of some consequences of the world crisis, about some main indicators of the labour market at national level, by highlighting the main characteristics of this market: developments, structures, particularities, etc.
Keywords: employment, unemployment, demand, labour force supply
JEL Classification: E24, J21, J23, J42, J82

Introduction. The sustainable management in the field of the tourism is important because this sector is one of the main sectors which contributes to the economic growth.

Aim of the study. The purpose of this research is to illustrate the evolution and the positive and negative impact of the tourism on the national economies in Romania, in the European Union and worldwide, related with the environmental, social and cultural aspects. The role of the national States is very important, in order to improve institutions, regulations and financing, to encourage the private economic entities, depending on the national specific, which requires specific economic policy instruments. The quantitative and especially the qualitative methods aim to highlight the importance of the sustainable tourism and of the sustainable management in the tourism sector for a green economy, considering the changes in the economic behavior.
Keywords: sustainable management, sustainable tourism, green hotels, energy consumption
JEL Classification: A13, D12, D63, E61, F63, G18, J21, L83, Z32

Introduction. Volunteering is one of the ways to optimize social cohesion, sustainable integration into the labor market, through the creation of the necessary framework for acquiring specific skills and competencies. It will prepare the citizens to face and adapt smoothly to the dynamic changes from the socio-economic environment. The European Union sustain the volunteers by promoting cross-border volunteering and their mobility, in order to develop a European identity, intercultural learning and creativity, by using efficient and effective the limited resources.

Aim of the study. The aim of the paper is to briefly analyze the ways in which volunteering, education and innovation contribute to achieve the European Union objective related to the employment rate. The authors achieved the objective of the paper by using a quantitative method. In the last decades, in Europe, the demand for highly skilled jobs has increased, also directly proportional the employment rate for the people with a high degree of education, endowed with the necessary abilities and competencies for the knowledge society. The paper highlights that volunteering represents an opportunity to gain new competencies and skills, by enabling the transformation of this knowledge into economic and social innovation which leads to productivity and creation of highly qualified jobs.
Keywords: volunteering, employment rate, innovation, education
JEL Classification: O35, A13, J21