Browsing: F6

Introduction. The main conclusion is the fact that the number of certificates compliant with the ISO 9001 standard is constantly growing in the world. The kind of business activity determines the engagement in the certificate implementation. The subject of research provided conclusions and at the same time, became an inspiration for defining research issues such as the ex-post analysis of the information available, drawing conclusions and drawing up directions of development. The retrospective analysis in the scope of the sectoral analysis of ISO 9001 trends, drawing conclusions and drawing up evolution directions is the author’s original contribution.

Aim of the study. The aim of this article is to present and analyse trends in the scope of the implementation of quality certificates compliant with the ISO 9001 standard. The analysis will concern the trend in the sectoral approach all over the world. The preparation of data, their analysis and drawing conclusions have been made on the basis of the desk research method. The data was gathered by means of an analysis of source materials such as, among others: announcements, press releases, reports for industries, publicly available reports of companies and research institutions, information from the Internet.
Keywords: ISO 9001, certificates by industrial sector, decision managers
JEL Classification: E2, F6, L1

Introduction. Europe is facing a growing demand for energy, with volatile prices and with serious disruptions in the energy supply. In 2014, the EU’s energy dependency was 53.4%, which meant that the EU bloc had to import more than half of the energy it consumed. To address these issues, a clear European energy strategy is needed, that is why the European Union has adopted a Democratic or participatory way of leadership.

Aim of the study. Leadership is a complex and dynamic process that has been defined in many different ways. Leadership has been described as autocratic, democratic, situational, transformational, and free rein. Democratic or participatory leadership style involves consultation with group members on actions and decisions, and encourages and rewards involvement in the process. These leaders make decisions and set goals with the approval and full participation of the members. That is why today Europe has common rules and Member States put their efforts together to access sufficient energy at affordable prices, keeping pollution to a minimum.
Keywords: European Union policy, energy dependence, leadership, energy strategy, interconnection, energy security, energy market, affordable electricity prices.
JEL Classification: F15, F21, F42, F5, F6, L11, Q4