Browsing: E61

Pages: 7-17 Introduction. The author’s intention regarding this research involves a synthetic outlook on the influence of the National Bank…

 Pages: 16-36Introduction. Sustainable management in the field of sustainable cities is extremely important because cities continue to grow at an…

Introduction. Given that the underground economy, as a whole, can stand for and/or deepen the budgetary deficit of any country, by diminishing the level of revenues to the state budget, leading, as a consequence, to restrictions as to the public spending volume, thereby adversely influencing the living standard of its population, the focus of the study is related to laying, to a reasonable extent, the general framework, for limiting, via well-grounded macroeconomic fiscal policies and other related, targeted measures, the negative effects of the same.

Aim of the study. The aim of the paper is to reveal the main causes and consequences of the underground economy, seen as a mix between the shadow economy, reflecting the officially unreported monetary transactions, and the black economy, consisting in the criminal monetary transactions associated with the latter.
Keywords: underground economy, shadow economy, black economy, budgetary deficit, macroeconomic policies
JEL Classification: E26, E61, H62

Introduction. The shadow economy, perceived herein as reflecting the monetary transactions unreported to the related authorities, thereby being “exempted” from the payment to the same of the related taxes, represents a key issue affecting countries all around the world by decreasing, to a larger or lesser extent, the general welfare.

Aim of the study. Considering its importance, adequate measures should be taken so as to succeed in turning a situation apparently unsolvable into a favourable one. However, given that, despite of the law-related risks to which they are subject, the individuals involved in such activities are animated by very strong reasons to proceed that way, finding best possible solutions, either punitive in nature or stimulating and motivational, is a matter not only of knowledge, but also one of creative ideas, and, certainly, not a panacea, but a situational process.
Keywords: shadow economy, tax avoidance, welfare, macroeconomic policies, creative ideas
JEL Classification: E26, E61, H62

Introduction. The multiplication and diversification of the waste resulting from economic activities can be explained by the development of the society, which implies the waste as secondary effect. Apart from the positive effects on the global consumption, the economic activities have also negative effects on the humans and environment due to the waste generation. The sustainable management in the waste sector should increase the efficiency in the resources use and prevent waste generation, should find new production methods and new eco-designed products, so that the economic growth can be made with fewer natural resources and materials, with less energy consumption.

Aim of the study. The transition to a greener waste sector is an important issue for all the national economies and it suppose reducing and preventing waste generation, improving waste recycling and qualitative valorization, reducing the environmental impact of the waste, improving the existing national and international databases, encouraging green investments and a closer and a better collaboration between the local public administration authorities, the companies and the population and also between economic subjects from different countries.
Keywords: sustainable management, e-waste, municipal solid waste, recycle, reuse, remanufacturing.
JEL Classification: A13, D12, D18, D62, E61, F42, I15, O21, O25, O33

Introduction. The sustainable management it is very important, especially nowadays, when progress made as a result of the recent industrial revolutions allow to change the vision and the economic behavior in order to increase the economic efficiency. The sustainable management in the field of the buildings is particularly important because buildings have a major contribution to the greenhouse gas emissions, to the solid municipal caves and to the water consumption and also because the individuals spend a great part of their time indoors.

Aim of the study. In recent years, we can observe a worldwide preference for the green buildings, both for new buildings and for converted traditional old buildings, demonstrated by the numerous regulations in financial and legislation fields and thanks to the advantages that they bring to the inhabitants, to the owners, to the developers and entrepreneurs and to the State. Thanks to the last Industrial Revolutions, we are allow to use new equipment and products inside buildings, to transform their appearance or shape, their utility and their functionality, so they are more environmentally friendly and healthier.
Keywords: sustainable management, green building, energy consumption, modern materials, certification.
JEL Classification: A13, D19, D24, E29, E61, E62, F35, H 21, H 22, I15, I38, O12, O15, O16

Introduction. Starting from the micro-social level and ending with the macro-social one, organising everything around us on the grounds of sound strategies and of a leadership-based approach represents a key element for achieving the established goals, irrespective of their nature, in terms of maximum possible efficiency. If when dealing with an organisation, be it lucrative or non-profit, small or large as size, adopting the right strategies and choosing the best leadership methods and techniques might look reasonably accessible, when coming about conceiving and applying the same to large aggregates, as it is the national economy, things could turn into real challenges very difficult to deal with.

Aim of the study. The present paper tries to render the most important issues to consider from such perspective, treating them both under the form of an experience-based analysis and under the one of proposed directions to follow for getting better results for all stakeholders.
Keywords: leadership, organisational strategies, macroeconomic framework, fiscal-budgetary and monetary policies, welfare
JEL Classification: E52, E61, E62, E63

Introduction. The sustainable management in the field of the tourism is important because this sector is one of the main sectors which contributes to the economic growth.

Aim of the study. The purpose of this research is to illustrate the evolution and the positive and negative impact of the tourism on the national economies in Romania, in the European Union and worldwide, related with the environmental, social and cultural aspects. The role of the national States is very important, in order to improve institutions, regulations and financing, to encourage the private economic entities, depending on the national specific, which requires specific economic policy instruments. The quantitative and especially the qualitative methods aim to highlight the importance of the sustainable tourism and of the sustainable management in the tourism sector for a green economy, considering the changes in the economic behavior.
Keywords: sustainable management, sustainable tourism, green hotels, energy consumption
JEL Classification: A13, D12, D63, E61, F63, G18, J21, L83, Z32

Introduction. The sustainable management in the field of the transport is particularly important because this sector is one of the main producers of the greenhouse gases, together with the sector of buildings and the industry. The purpose of this research is to illustrate the evolution and the positive and negative impact that sustainable transports have on the national economies in Romania, in the European Union and worldwide. Given the importance they have in different regions of the world the purpose of the research is determined by the fact that national policies, both at European Union level and at global level, must include aspects related to the green economy, both by encouraging private economic entities, as well as by a stronger state involvement, by a more efficient management.

Aim of the study. The quantitative and especially the qualitative methods aim to highlight the importance of sustainable transport for a green economy. The sustainable management it is very important, especially nowadays, when progress allow to change the vision and the economic behavior in order to increase the economic efficiency.
Keywords: sustainable management, green transport, transport demand, combined transport, avoiding transportation, green infrastructure.
JEL Classification: A13, D18, D62, E61, F69, G18, H53, I15, L62, L71, L91, L92, O18, R41, R42